Terminology

[|www.tuition.com.hk/psychology/e.htm]

The teacher will be adding the terms and you have to fill in the definitions. You have to add at least 3 definitions per week. (graded as HW) If you find all the terms already defined then find better definitions and add them below the 1st ones. You are not allowed to add 2nd definitions before all the new terms have been defined. [So your best chance would be to beat your classmates to the page ;)] Don't forget to add your initials between square brackets at the end of each of your entries (ex.: [LH])

1.1.1-Reliability : An attribute of any system that consistently produces the same results, preferably meeting or exceeding its specifications. taken from: [] [SS] T he operation of hardware, the design of software, the accuracy of data or the correspondence of data with the real world. [MG] dependability: the quality of being dependable or reliable [H ]

1.1.2-Integrity: Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code; The state of being wholesome; unimpaired; The quality or condition of being complete; pure. taken from: [] [SS] safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of stored data [MG]

1.2-Security: =** the protection of hardware, software, machines and networks from unauthorized access. [MG] ** =


 * //Security refers to the protection of hardware, software, machines and networks from unauthorized access, alteration or destruction. Security measures include restricted access to machines and networks and encryptions of information. The degree of security of information systems determines society’s confidence in the information contained in the systems. [SS] //**

=<span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">1.3-Privacy: =

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** The ability of individuals and groups to determine for themselves when, how and to what extent information about themselves is shared with others. [MG] ** =


 * //Privacy is the ability of individuals and groups to determine for themselves when, how and to what extent//**
 * //information about themselves is shared with others. At its extreme, privacy becomes anonymity when, for//**
 * //instance, a person uses it to conceal his or her true identity in order to cyber-bully someone else. Conversely,//**
 * //excessive privacy could also conceal the perpetrators of criminal, terrorist or computer hacking acts from//**
 * //law enforcement agencies. [SS]//**

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%; line-height: 19px;">1.4-Intellectual property:

=Ideas, discoveries, writings, works of art, software, collections and presentations of data.[MG]=


 * //Ideas, discoveries, writings, works of art, software, collections and//**


 * //presentations of data. Copyright, trademarks and patents exist to protect intellectual property. However,//**
 * //the easy and accurate duplication methods made available through IT can undermine such protection. [SS]//**

=<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; line-height: 27px;">1.5-Authenticity: = =Establishing a user’s identity beyond reasonable doubt.[MG]=

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.6-The digital divide

The Gap between people who have all time access to internet, and digital technologies, and people who don't have any access. With the spread of the internet; this gap gets smaller. [SS] source: []

Provides links to and information about research, data, resources, and grants available on the topic of inequitable access.[OI] Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.7-Surveillance

The Monitoring of activities of people on the internet. The surveillance is most of the time form the government. [SS]

the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people and often in a surreptitious manner. [OI] Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.8-Globalization

The spread of certain regional economies, cultures to different parts of the world by the means of technology. [SS] source: []

the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.9-Policies: =enforceable measures intended to promote appropriate and discourage inappropriate use relating to information technologies.[MG]=

a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s). Source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Policy**

A plan or course of action, as of a government, political party, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters [OI] Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.10-Standards and protocols: =technical rules and conventions that enable compatibility and therefore facilitate communication or interoperability.[MG]=

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">1.12-Digital citizenship: =Appropriate behavior that represents the responsible ethical and legal approach that individuals take in any situation with respect to the use of I.T. [MG]=

the norms of behavior with regard to technology use. [OI] Source: Google

= __<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #bb0707; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 170%;">Terms in alphabetical order __ =

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Algorithm <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">an effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">(HR)

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">ASCII

The **American Standard Code for Information Interchange** is a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|c] haracter-encoding scheme based on the <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|o] rdering of the English alphabet [OI] Source: []

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, the ASCII code for uppercase M is 77. Most computers use ASCII codes to represent text, which makes it possible to transfer data from one computer to another.

Source: []

[MG]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Backward Compatible

In the context of telecommunications and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|c] omputing a device or technology is said to be **backwards** or **downwards compatible** if it can work with input generated by an older device. [OI] Source: []

Compatible with earlier models or versions of the same product. A new version of a program is said to be backward compatible if it can use files and data created with an older version of the same program. A computer is said to be backward compatible if it can run the same software as the previous model of the computer.

Source: []

[MG]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Bay

Short for drive bay, this refers to a site in a personal computer where a hard or floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive or tape drive can be installed.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

A standard-sized area for adding <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|h] ardware to a computer. [OI] Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Binary

A number system of representing text or computer processor instructions by the use of the binary number system's two-binary digits "0" and "1".

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

Characterized by or consisting of two parts or components; twofold. [OI] Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Bit A **bit** or **binary digit** is the basic unit of <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|i] nformation in <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|c] omputing and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|t] elecommunications; it is the amount of information that can be stored by a digital device or other physical system that can usually exist in only two distinct states. [OI] Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Booting <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">is a bootstrapping process that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. (HR)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">Restarting a <span style="border-bottom: #c1c1c1 1px solid; color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|computer] or its <span style="border-bottom: #c1c1c1 1px solid; color: #000000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|operating system] [|software] [OI] <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">source: google

To load the first piece of software that starts a computer. Because the operating system is essential for running all other programs, it is usually the first piece of software loaded during the boot process.

Source: []

[MG]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Bug <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">a fault or defect in a computer program, system, or machine (HR)

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">In computer // **technology** //, a // **bug** // is a coding error in a computer program. [OI]

A problem with the software, mostly with coding. [YS, own words] <span style="color: #0e774a; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Source: searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/**definition**/**bug**

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Bus

A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

A subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers.[OI] Source : []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Byte

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information [Nezar Mansour]

is a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|unit of digital information] in <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|computing] and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|telecommunications], that most commonly consists of eight <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|bits] [OI] source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Character-based interface

Is when the interface with the operating system is based on giving orders through text. [YS] Source: Book

A user interface which relies on the use of characters, numbers and letters to enter commands in a terminal to be executed; no GUI is present.

Source: personal experience

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">CLI

Command line interface. A user interface common to MS-DOS computers, where the users type in the commands they want to execute using the keyboards.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

the space to the right of the command prompt on an all-text display mode on a computer monitor (usually a CRT or LCD). [OI] Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Cluster

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A large number of linked single computers that are more reliable that one computer. [Nezar Mansour]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">a group of linked computers, working together closely thus in many respects forming a single computer [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Compatible

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Indicates that a product can work with or is equivalent to another, better-known product.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

Capable of existing or performing in harmonious, agreeable, or congenial combination with another or others [OI] Source Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Computer memory

Internal storage areas in the computer. The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;"> // **Memory** // is the electronic holding place for instructions and data that your// **computer's** // microprocessor can reach quickly [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Context Sensitive Menu

A menu which appears in response to a user action (typically a mouse click) and whose contents are determined by which application window was clicked or has the input focus.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">Most [|GUIs] use a secondary mouse button (right or middle) to call up a context-sensitive menu as the [|primary mouse button] is normally used to interact with objects which are already visible. [OI] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Copyright All information available in the Database is the copyright of the Owner. Subject to the provisions of Copyright Law the use of material supplied by the Owner is limited to viewing, downloading, temporarily storing and printing by authorized users. [Nour]

Source Google
 * Copyright** refers to laws that regulate the use of the work of a creator, such as an artist or author.[OI]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">CPU Central Processing Unit. The main element of the computer, which processes the data and caries out the user's orders. [SS]

central processing unit: (computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing; "the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached" (H)

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The CPU (central processing unit) is the part of a computer controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. [OI] Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">CRT

Cathode Ray Tube The old type of monitors used for display with computers, it is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. They take up a lot of space and have been replaced by LCDs. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Custom Application

A program (or group of programs) designed for the vertical market, or built for individuals for free, upon special request.

Sources: Me

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Data

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">1) Distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">2) Binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Debugging <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Debugging is a methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or defects, in a computer program
 * ( HR) ||

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The process of finding mistakes within the coding of the software, and fixing such mistakes. [YS, own words]

The process of detecting bugs in programs and alerting the programmer to fix them.

Source: personal experience

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Defragmentation

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Optimizing a disk by fixing fragmented files and helping the computer's hard drive run faster, by removing unnecessary files, and fixing them. ** = =<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">(Hassan) ** =

In the context of administering computer systems, defragmentation is a process that reduces the amount of fragmentation in file systems. It does this by physically organizing the contents of the disk to store the pieces of each file close together and contiguously.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Device drivers A device driver is a [|program] that controls a particular type of [|device] that is attached to your computer. There are device [|driver]s for printers, displays, CD-ROM readers, diskette drives, and so on. [Nour] []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Digit One of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9. Such a symbol used in a system of numeration.source: <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">[] [NM] A symbol used to make numerals. [OI][]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Digital

Expressed in discrete numerical form, especially for use by a computer or other electronic device. Characterized by widespread use of computers. source: [] [NM]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Digitizing device <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A device that creates a version of a physical graphical representation by creating a digital version [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Documentation

Instructions for using a computer device or program. Documentation can appear in a variety of forms, the most common being manuals.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Dot Matrix Printer

A type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth, or in an up and down motion, on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the print mechanism on a typewriter. [SS]

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">A type of printer that produces characters and illustrations by striking pins against an ink ribbon to print closely spaced dots in the appropriate shape. [OI] []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Embedded systems A computer system designed to perform a specific function. e.g. Remote Control, Calculator, Digital Watches. [SS]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">a microprocessor based system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a larger system (which may or may not be a computer system). [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">Source Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Ergonomics

the science of designing user interaction with equipment and workplaces to fit the user [OI] Source: []

T<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">he study of the 'fit' between human operators and their workplace, which can be used to design working environments that maximize user efficiency. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">EULA

End User License Agreement; An EULA is a legal contract between the manufacturer and/or the author and the end user of an application. [SS]

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A software license agreement is a contract between the "licensor" and purchaser of the right to use software [OI] <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Expansion Card

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A digital card that can be put onto the motherboard to add extra functions to the computer i.e display cards to add better display, sound cards to add sound output. [Nezar Mansour]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Expansion Slots

An opening in a computer where a circuit board can be inserted to add new capabilities to the computer.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

Backup / back-up <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Copies of computer data or programs. Backups may be on any media such as floppy diskettes, hard disks, CD-ROMs, or tapes. Backups are made to be used for recovery in the the event of damage or loss of the original version of the files.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">(Hassan) **

Bug <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">An unwanted operation or function in a program or in computer hardware. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">An error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction (A.S) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bug.html

Byte <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">The unit of data storage and transmission in computers. A byte is usually considered the code for a single character.
 * (Hassan**)


 * (Hassan)**


 * A byte is the smallest unit of storage that can be accessed in a computer's memory - either in RAM or ROM. It holds 8 bits. [OI]**
 * []**

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Express Card

The ExpressCard is an interface to allow peripheral devices to be connected to a computer, usually a laptop computer.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">External drive

A type of hard disk drive which is connected to a computer by a USB cable. Consists of SATA, IDE, or SCSI hard drives in portable disk enclosures. [SS]

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">a drive with its own power supply and fan mounted outside the computer system enclosure and connected to the computer by a cable [OI] <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Facsimile Machine

A machine that sends documents through a telephone line. [SS]

Duplicator that transmits the copy by wire or radio. [OI] Source:

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Fax modem

A data modem that is designed to receive and transmit documents through fax machines. [Nezar Mansour]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A piece of computer hardware that has two functions: Fax transmission and reception. Data file transmission and reception. [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">File

A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Source: [] (Mostafa Galal El Deen)

Source: Google. ||
 * record in a public office or in a court of law [OI]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">File-management Utility

is a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|computer program] that provides a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|user interface] to work with <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|file systems]. The most common operations performed on files or groups of files are: create, open, edit, <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|view], <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|print] , <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|play] , rename, move, <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|copy] , <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|delete] , search/find, and modify attributes, properties and permissions. Files are typically displayed in a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|hierarchy]. Some file managers contain features inspired by <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|web browsers], including forward and back navigational buttons. [SY] []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Firewire

Technically called IEEE 1394 interface is <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|serial bus] [|interface standard] for high-speed communications and<span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|isochronous] real-time data transfer, frequently used by <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|personal computers], as well as in <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|digital audio] , <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|digital video] , <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|automotive] , and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|aeronautics] applications. Source: [] [SY]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Flash drive

Small, portable, non-volatile, hot swappable flash memory card. It functions as a portable hard drive. It is easy to use. [YS] Source: []

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. [OI] <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: Google

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Flash Memory

A non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. [SS]

Non-volatile memory that is usually connected through USB ports; and is popular due to its small size and portability.

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Force quit

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A command that is used in several popular operating systems to send signals to running processes, for example to request the termination of this process.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Quit]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Formatting

The process needed to prepare a storage medium, usually a disk, for reading and writing. When you format a disk, the operating system erases all bookkeeping information on the disk, tests the disk to make sure all sectors are reliable, marks bad sectors (that is, those that are scratched), and creates internal address tables that it later uses to locate information.

[]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Fragmented file <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The distribution of a file on disk so that it's written in non-contiguous clusters or spread over different portions of the disk. [Nezar mansour]<span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">[|www.pccomputernotes.com/pcterms/glossaryf.htm]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">GB

Short for gigabyte, which is equal to 2^10, or 1,024 megabytes (and approximately 1 billion bytes).

Source: Personal experience.

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

1 000 000 000 Bytes. Also known as Gibibyte in IEC Binary Prefixes Shaker

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Gigahertz

A unit of frequency equal to one billion (109) hertz. Also called //gigacycle//. source: [] [NM]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Geotagging The process of labeling photos with, the place they were taken at inclusive of latitude and longitude, and the timeit was taken. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">GPS Global Positioning System A satellite based system which allows users to know their location at any place and during any time all around Planet Earth. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Graphics Tablet <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. a computer input device that allows one to hand-draw images and graphics, similar to the way one draws images with a pencil and paper. [OI] Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">GUI

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Graphical user interface: a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device.

Source: <span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">[|wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Hard Disk Storage device for digital memory. It is non-volatile. Read/Write heads encode memory magnetically. [YS] Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Hierarchical

Is a menu which offers sub-menus, and so on, giving the user more specific options.[YS] Source: Textbook

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Hot swap

Components that can be removed or inserted while the system is running. [YS]. Source: Textbook

A peripheral is classified as hot-swappable when it can be removed or re-attached to the computer while the system is running.

Source: personal experience

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Information

Ordered Sequence of symbols. [NS]

Raw data, which is facts that are verified and are processed into information. [YS]

Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Impact printer

a printer relies on a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|forcible] impact to transfer ink to the media, similar to the action of a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|typewriter]. Source: [] [SY]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Inkjet Printer

A type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling variable-sized droplets of ink on to paper. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Input devices Any hardware equipment used to send orders into a computer. e.g. keyboard, mouse. [SS]

A peripheral which aids in interface between humans and computers. It transmits data from the user to the computer, in order to preform certain actions.

Source: [] [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Interface Standards

Are standards set by the IT industry determining the standards at which things should be manufactured. Its espically governs the rules at which various things ar manufactured, so they can work together.[YS]

Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Java

A programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. [SS]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A platform-independent object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">KB

Short for kilobyte, which is equal to 2^10, or 1,024 bytes.

Source: Personal experience.

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

EDIT: Through some private research that I was doing earlier today, I discovered that 2^10 or 1,024 bytes are equal to one kibibyte, and not one kilobyte. Kibibytes are what we call kilobytes, but they're not called so because the prefix 'kilo', which designates the value of one thousand in SI units, isn't equal to the accurate value of 1,024. Therefore, the prefix 'kibi' was adopted, and it designates the number 1,024.

Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Keyboard

A device with a set of keys which have the alphabet of a certain language printed on them. Every button or key corresponds to a certain function which inputs the character into the computer. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Laptop

A Laptop is a computer which is designed to be compact in size so that it can be used anywhere. Nowadays Laptops are as powerful as normal desktop PCs and are in the same price range. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Laser Printer <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">electrostatic printer that focuses a laser beam to form images that are transferred to paper electrostatically

(Hassan}

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">LCD <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">liquid crystal display: a digital display that uses liquid crystal cells that change reflectivity in an applied electric field

(hassan)

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The line printer is a form of high speed impact printer in which one line of type is printed at a time. They are mostly associated with the early days of computing, but the technology is still in use. Print speeds of 600 to 1200 lines-per-minute (approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute) were common. [SS] <span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"> [|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Line Printer <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">printer that serves as an output device on a computer; prints a whole line of characters at a time

(hassan)

An impact printer that prints line by line. Although a remainder of the old days of computing, line printers are still in use today [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Linux

An open source version of the UNIX operating system. [SS]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">An operating system that is a UNIX clone. It was created by programmer Linus Torvalds, who gave Linux its name. Linux is under special copyright that allows anyone to improve it, but no one to profit from it.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: []

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Magnetic Tape

A medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Mainframe computers

Are powerful computers, one to be the size of a refrigerator, stored in climate controlled rooms. They are used by big companies like travel agencies, to be able to process a lot of data at the same time. They allow timesharing which is that many people use the computer at once and they all access the same data at the same time. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">MB

Megabyte <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">This is a unit of measurement of computer memory and means one million bytes of information. [NB]

Short for megabyte, which is equal to 2^10, or 1,024 kilobytes.

Source: Personal experience.

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Mb Megabit A unit of measurement for storage which equals 10^6 bits.[NS]

Short for megabit, which is equal to 1/8 megabytes.

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">MDI

Applications whose windows reside under a single parent window, as opposed to all windows being separate from each other (<span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|single document interface] ). [SS]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">MDI (Microsoft Document Imaging format) is a file format created by Microsoft for storing raster images of scanned documents together with optional annotations or metadata which can include the text of the document, generated by OCR.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mdi]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">MFP

Multifunction Peripheral is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">MICR

A character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Microprocessor

A **microprocessor** incorporates most or all of the functions of a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|computer] 's <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|central processing unit] (CPU) on a single <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|integrated circuit] (IC, or microchip). Source: [] [SY]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Monitor

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; border-top-color: #ff3300; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 3px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-align: left; width: 930px;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 930px; zoom: 1;">The monitor displays the video and graphics information generated by the computer through the __<span style="color: #3366cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|video card] __. Monitors are very similar to televisions but display information at a much higher quality. [] (A.S)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Motherboard

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The circuited board that is the main component to the computer it holds the processor and everything else is connected to it through buses. [Nezar Mansour]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Mouse Another input device which consists of basically three buttons, left, right, and middle (also known as scroll wheel) buttons. It functions as a pointing device which as the mouse is moved the pointer on the screen moves in the same direction. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">MS-DOS <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;"> MS-DOS is an acronym that stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System." MS-DOS oversees system functions like disk input and output, monitor support, keyboard control, and internal functions related to program execution and file maintenance. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">[] (A.S)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Multicore Processor

A processor composed of two or more independent cores. [NS]

<span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;">an integrated circuit (IC) to which two or more __<span style="background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; border-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|processor] __s have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks. [OI] <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;">Source: []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Multiprocessing

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Simultaneous processing by two or more processing units [NB]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. [SS] <span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">[|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Multi-touch

Is a touch screen or pad that interacts with more than one pressure point, in order to make the user interact and preform tasks much faster. [YS] Source: Book

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Multitasking

A method by which multiple tasks, also known as <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|processes], share common processing resources such as a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|CPU]. [SS]

The act of performing more than one task simultaneously. [YS] Source: Experience

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Non-impact printer

A type of printer that does not operate by striking a head against a ribbon. Examples of nonimpact printers include laser and ink-jet printers. They are much quitter than impact printers.

Quite printers that print dot matrix patters, and do not have printing heads. They include thermal printers, inkjet printers, and laser printers. [YS] Source:[]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">OCR

Optical character recognition. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text.

Source: <span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">[|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">OMR

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Optical mark recognition. The process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mark_recognition]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Open Architecture

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A type of computer architecture or software architecture that allows adding, upgrading and swapping components.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_architecture]

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<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Open-source software **Open-source software** (**OSS**) is <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|computer software] that is available in source code form for which the <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|source code] and certain other rights normally reserved for <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|copyright] holders are provided under a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|software license] that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. [SY] []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Optical Disc Drive

A storage medium from which data is read and to which it is written by lasers. Optical disks can store much more data up to 6 gigabytes Ahmed El Sherbiny

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">OS

A <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|software], consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages the computer hardware and provides common services for efficient execution of various <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|application software]. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 18px;">Output devices

Any hardware equipment used to produce/show the outcome of the processing done by the computer. e.g. Monitor, Printer. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Palmtops

A type of handheld PCs, which are basically like a computer but much smaller in size. Palmtops carry out many computer operations, like, keeping a calendar, or having a contact list. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Patent <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention[Nezar Mansour]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">An ownership contract given to inventors. [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Pathname

A name for each file on the computer determining exactly where it is, with relation to files and drives. Source: Class [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">PB

Petabyte A unit of information equivalent to quadrillion bytes. [NS]

Short for petabyte, which is equal to 2^10, or 1,024 terabytes.

Source: Personal experience.

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">PC

Personal Computer A computer designed for the use of individuals. It runs computer operations like; surfing the internet, editing videos, recording audio. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">PDA

Personal Digital Assitant An small-sized information manager which keeps store of important tasks, calendar appointments etc... With technological advancement, PDAs can now connect to the internet, and many PDAs are now cell-phones. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Platform

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">The underlying hardware or software for a system. For example, the platform might be an Intel 80486 processor running DOS Version 6.0. The platform could also be UNIX machines on an Ethernet network.

Source: []

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Plotter

Is a type of output device that uses a wrting aid (pencil or pen) in order to print accurate drawings, such as blueprints. [YS] Source: Class

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Point-of-Sale terminal

Station where a person's products get scanned, gets to pay using credit card or other mean. Source: Class [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Pointing Stick <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">The pointing stick is an isometric joystick used as a pointing device.[Nezar Mansour]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Pop-up menu <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A menu that can be set to appear when a specified mouse button is pressed in a window. A pop-menu consists of multiple menu items. (H)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Processor The processor is the part of the computer which processes the data for the output devices to show. Its made up of three things; Clock-speed, archeticture, and word size. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Public domain software <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Public domain software is software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words there is absolutely no ownership (H)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">RAM

Random Access Memory A computer data storage device. It saves the all data accessed on the computer, and allows any saved data to be retrieved at any given time in any order. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Random Access

When a computer can access information on a storage device, regardless of when the information was orignally stored. [YS] Source: Classroom, Book.

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px;">Real-time System Any computer system, embedded or otherwise, that has timeliness requirements. taken from: <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-right: 10px;">[] [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Resolution

In computers, resolution is the number of pixels (individual points of color) contained on a display monitor, expressed in terms of the number of pixels on the horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci212895,00.html Ahmed El Sherbiny

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">RFID Reader

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans; line-height: normal;">A transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID tags in the vicinity.<A.S>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans; line-height: normal;">A reader which receives signals from near by RFID tags using radio frequency. [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">RFID Tag

Tag used to label certain products. Later scanned and read by reader. Emits RF. Source: Class [YS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">ROM

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Read-only memory: Memory which can be read but not tampered with i.e CD disk that are not rewritable [Nezar Mansour]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Root directory <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">In computer file systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. It can be likened to the root of a tree (H)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">RSI

Repetiive Strain Injury; is an injury associated with exposing muscles to unnatural positions for long periods of time such as typing. In order to solve this, ergonomic keyboards have been invented. [YS] Source: Textbook

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Safe mode

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">A specific way for the <span style="background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; border-width: 0px; color: #cc3300; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Windows] [|operating system] to load when there is a system-critical problem interfering with the normal operation of Windows. (N.S) []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Scanner

A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. Ahmed El Sherbiny

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Sensor

A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Sequential access

Access of files on a drive depending on where ti saved on the drive. [YS] Source:Class

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Shareware

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; border-width: 0px; color: #cc3300; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Software] distributed on the basis of an honor <span style="background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; border-width: 0px; color: #cc3300; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|system]. Most shareware is delivered free of charge, but the author usually requests that you pay a small fee if you like the <span style="background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; border-width: 0px; color: #cc3300; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|program] and use it regularly. [] (N.S)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Shell it is the outer most layer of a program (N.S) A **shell** is a piece of software that provides an <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|interface] for users of an <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|operating system] which provides access to the services of a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|kernel]. However, the term is also applied very loosely to applications and may include any software that is "built around" a particular component, such as web browsers and email clients that are "shells" for <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|HTML] [|rendering engines] .[SY]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Software license

Is a lisence that allows the user to use a software legally, given certian restraints concerning the way the software is used. [YS] Source: Experiance

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Software piracy

The unauthorized copying of software, which breaks copyright law. [SS] The act of illeagally downloading or using software. [YS] Source: Class

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Software Update A fix for a bug or a very small update in software. (Hassan) A minor development or bug fix in a software that comes with a new version with a different decimal number. [NS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Software Upgrade <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">replacement of a product with a newer version of the same product, it is bigger than a update. (Hassan) A major development in a software that requires major differences between previous versions, coming with a version with a different name or digit number. [NS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Sound Card

An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have become commonplace on modern personal computers.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">SSD

A **solid-state drive** (SSD) is a <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|data storage device] that uses <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|solid-state] [|memory] to store <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|persistent data]. SSDs are distinguished from traditional <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|hard disk drives] (HDDs), which are <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|electromechanical] devices containing spinning <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|disks] and movable <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|read/write heads]. SSDs, in contrast, use <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|microchips] which retain data in non-volatile memory chips and contain no <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|moving parts]. Compared to traditional HDDs, SSDs are typically less susceptible to physical shock, quieter, and have lower <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|access time] and <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|latency]. SSDs use the same interface as <span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|hard disk drives], thus easily replacing them in most applications. [SY] []

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Storage Device

A device capable of storing data. The term usually refers to mass storage devices, such as disk and tape drives.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Supercomputers The best, fastest, and most expensive computer there is. They are used in quantum physics, climate forecasting etc... They have to be stored at certain temperatures in climate-controlled rooms. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">System Bus

The bus that connects the CPU to main memory on the motherboard. I/O buses, which connect the CPU with the systems other components, branch off of the system bus.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">System software

The operating system and all utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Tape Drive

A device, like a tape recorder, that reads data from and writes it onto a tape using sequential access.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Taskbar

In GUI interfaces, the taskbar is a desktop toolbar application that lets you perform tasks such as switching between open windows and starting new applications. The taskbar is usually associated with the Microsoft Windows interface.

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">TB

Terabyte A unit of information equivalent to a billion bytes. [NS]

Short for terabyte, which is equal to 2^10, or 1,024 gigabytes. Source: Personal experience. (Mostafa Galal El Deen)

1 000 000 000 000 bytes. Also known as Tibibyte in Binary prefixes.

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Touchpad

A pointing device consisting of specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 15px;">Touch screen Is a display device which allows the user to interact with it by touching it using his bare hand. It works using a system of electrical currents which change when the surface is touched. [SS]

<span style="background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|i] s an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. It is also important to know that the point on which the finger lies is translated to motion by the pointer or registering a click Source: Wikipedia [SY]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Trackball

A pointing device consisting of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes [NS] It is a pointing device it is like a backside of a mouse and to move the pointer you move the ball with your thumbs and fingers (A.S) http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/trackball.html

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Trademark

A distinctive sign by a person or organizations to show that a product or service to customers is from a unique source. [NS ]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A Trademark in computer security is a contract between code that verifies security properties of an object and code that requires that an object have certain security properties. As such it is useful in ensuring secure information flow (H)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Unicode

A standard for representing characters as integers. Unlike ASCII, which uses 7 bits for each character, Unicode uses 16 bits, which means that it can represent more than 65,000 unique characters.


 * <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent representation and manipulation of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.[H]

Source: []

(Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">UNIX a trademark for a widely used computer operating system, developed in 1969 at AT&T Bell Laboratories, that can support multitasking in a multiuser environment Source: Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A multi-user operating system that was used to create most of the programs and protocols that built the Internet. [H]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">USB 2.0

A newer version of the USB (defined below), which is much quicker than the original. [YS]

Also referred to as Hi-Speed USB, USB 2.0 is an external bus that supports data rates up to 480Mbps. USB 2.0 is an extension of USB 1.1. USB 2.0 is fully compatible with USB 1.1 and uses the same cables and connectors.

Source: []

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">USB flash drive A flash drive (storage device) that connects to the computer using a USB port. Source: Class [YS] It is a flash memory card that acts like a portable hard drive http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/USB_flash_drive.html (A.S)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">USB

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">Universal Serial Bus; A type of specification used in computers, and ICT systems to establish communcation between a device and a host controller. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">Source: Class <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">[YS]

Short for Universal Serial Bus, an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such as mice, modems, and keyboards. USB also supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot plugging.

Source: []

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">User Authentication

Identifying and verifying that the user is allowed to access a restricted server or website (protected by a password that only people know can access the server) Ahmed El Sherbiny =] Verfiying that a user is who he/she claim to be. [YS] Source: Book

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">User Authorization Authorization is the process of giving someone permission to do or have something. In multi-user computer systems, a system administrator defines for the system which users are allowed access to the system and what privileges of use they have. [SS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 20px;">User interface The way the computer user interacts with the system, or computer. For example, we interact with the computer using a graphical interface. [YS] Source: Class the **user interface** is the space where interaction between humans and machines occurs. The goal of interaction between a human and a machine at the user interface is effective operation and control of the machine, and feedback from the machine which aids the operator in making operational decisions. [SY] Source:Wiki

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">Utility program a kind of system softwoare designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. [NS]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">A program that supports using the computer, an application or a development environment. Also called "utilities," utility software is programmed like any other software (H)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px;">Vertical-market A group of similar businesses and customers that engage in trade based on specific and specialized needs. [SS] <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">A market that is narrow and deep, that is, it is limited to customers in a few industries and many producers in the industry use the product. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: [|www.glencoe.com/sec/busadmin/marketing/dp/mktg_mgmt/gloss.shtml] (Mostafa Galal El Deen)

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Vertical-market application An application designed for a specific, single or narrowly defined market. [NS]

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Video Projectors

An output device that projects videos and images onto a screen using a lens. [YS] Source: Experience A video projector is a device that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system. [SY} Source: Wiki

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Virtual memory

A memory management technique developed for multitasking kernels. [NS]

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Memory created by using the hard disk to simulate additional random-access memory; the addressable storage space available to the user of a computer system in which virtual addresses are mapped into real addresses.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Source: []

[Mostafa Galal El Deen]

Virtual reality

Computer simulation that imitates the real world as much as possible [YS] Source: The one and only Wikipedia.

OVER HERE, MRS. LAILA! I came here to edit the terminology page (adding three words for this week), but I can't find any empty entries. Can you please update the page? THANK YOU IN ADVANCE. :D)

[Galal] YES I VERY LIKE THIS POST ^ AND I DONT KNOW HOW TO "IMPROVE" ANOTHER PERSON'S POST.! [NS]

SUGGESTED WORDS

Cookie : <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;">A text file sent by a website that is stored on your computer and relays back to the website things about you or your computer. These are generally required by online shopping sites. (H)

Database: <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;">A collection of similar information stored in a file, such as a database of addresses. This information may be created and stored in a database management system (DBMS). <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;">(H)

Encryption: <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;">Encryption is the process of transmitting scrambled data so that only authorized recipients can unscramble it. E.G. passwords in complex computer systems. <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px;">(H)